ISLAMIC ART AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE ARTISTS OF THE MODERN ART MOVEMENTS: APPLICATION ON THE MURAL PAINTINGS ON THE KRABIA SCHOOL IN CAIRO – EGYPT

Abstract

The history of the decoration in Islamic art reflects the philosophy of the Islamic conception of the universe and provides the spirit of Islamic tolerance which absorbed the former people's arts and reproduced, excelled and added to them. Its impact on the European artists was very deep and they quickly imitated it. One of these fine arts is oil paintings, which originated in the Renaissance period and moved to Islamic countries by European artists who visited the Muslim countries and carried out a lot of paintings on the Islamic monuments, especially in the buildings of 19th century / XIII Islamic. Many manuscripts saved in Dar of the National Archives in Cairo have provided us with the names of European artists who carried out their works in Egypt according to the models of European and the most important Baroque and Rococo which were influenced by the Islamic art and its different topics. As a result, we found many of the European art affected by the topics of Islamic Art on the architecture in Cairo in that period. These papers aim to highlight one of these impacts by displaying the colorimetric decorations at the Krabia School, located in Sheikh Rihan Street. Tahrir Square, Cairo, Egypt, dating back to Khdiwy Ismail period (1875/1292). The School contains Mural paintings that were applied at ceiling, walls of halls and rooms carried out by European painters. These mural paintings illustrate the influence of the Islamic art and its decorations such as plant and architectural decoration like stellar dishes, arabesque and Islamic motifs on the European artist. In addition, these paintings have been examined by means of X-Ray diffraction (XRD), observation of samples by transmitted light optical microscopy (LOM), polarized microscope, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) attached with EDX and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis to determine the origins of archaeological raw materials, to assess how this pigment was made, to understand the history of pigments mining and preparation and ascertain the techniques that had been used to apply the plaster and the paint layers used in Egyptian wall paintings during the 19th century. It was noted that the painting layer consists of two layers and the painter's palette was made up of several pigments. The archaeological study showed the vulnerability of the European artist by the Islamic and local Egyptian arts